If we expect to get food from the earth, he says, we have to give something back. How many Indians are there? All these groups spoke related . Greater Antilles:Group of larger islands in the Caribbean, from Cuba on the west, to Puerto Rico on the East. Sponsor and Administrator are in no way responsible for any cancellations, delays, postponements, diversions, substitutions, changes in service or accommodations, or any other act, omission, or result thereof, caused by any third party. Fast forward two years after taking that class, and I was applying to a doctoral program in archaeology. The extent of this survival, however, could not be measured. By 1514, barely two decades after first contact, an official survey showed that 40 percent of Spanish men had taken . Winner Determination and Verification. requested Personal Information must be provided to participate in the Promotion and to be eligible to win a prize. In the episode, lvarez recounts his journey from a professional baseball hopeful to a business and Latino community leader who , PRESS RELEASE - Mon, 17 Apr 2023 17:38:26, PRESS RELEASE - Mon, 17 Apr 2023 17:18:07, Caribbean History: Everything You Need to Know about the Tanos, Taino Indians roamed the earth during 1200 to 1500 A.D. Tanos:Main cultural group in the Caribbeans Greater Antilles during 1200-1500 CE. This guy was supposed to guard the entrance of the cave at night, but he got curious and left his post for a look around outside. From the Greek words anthrpos (humans) and morph (morphology/shape/form). They were very well built, with very handsome bodies and very good faces.They do not carry arms or know them.They should be good servants.. Entries not legitimately submitted in accordance with these Official Rules are void. Such consents and licenses may only be revoked in writing, and the mere ending of this Promotion is not sufficient to revoke such consents or licenses. However they were not fully exterminated, as history has led us to believe. The extent of this survival, however, could not be measured. They used to call it, Its incredible to know that their language trickled into the English language as well. The winner may be issued a U.S. Department of the Treasury Internal Revenue Service Form 1099 and related tax forms for the actual value of the prize provided by Sponsor or Administrator. Let's travel 500 years back in time to Puerto Rico, where Taino ball players would gather in a recantugar playing field called a "batey" to play on opposing teams. To the left, a small portion of the Yucatn peninsula is visible, where some of the first inhabitants of the Caribbean came from nearly 6,000 years ago, arriving first in western Cuba. fishing and hunting. The section on ceremonial plazas explains that cemes are carved sculptures with spiritual power. Curious enough, throughout these studies, an average of. This time, take a look at the distance from the Yucatn Pennsula to western Cuba, and in South America from trinidad and Tobago to Grenada. 3. All the cultures are blended here, she said. Everyone was treated pretty much the same after death. Mitochondrial DNA (mDNA): DNA of the mitochondria, an organelle of the cell. Activists say their adversaries are promoting Eurocentric history and a colonial class system. Cohoba: a hallucinogenic drug processed from a tree, used by Tano during areytos. The naborias were considered the working class, the nitanos were the sub-chiefs and noblemen, which also included their priests and medicine men the bohiques, and the caciques was the highest rank the chiefs. Federal, state, and local taxes and all other costs and expenses associated with acceptance and use of any prize not specified herein as being awarded are the winners sole responsibility. Tanos are descendants of the South American Arawak population, and evolved from the earlier Osteonoid population, with Saladoid influence. What did Tainos do to their newborn children so that they would be . Finally, you get to contribute to, confirm, and at times, challenge, what the history books say about a particular area, group, or period. Entrant is providing information only to Sponsor and Administrator, and not to Content Hosts. Physically, they were light brown in colour, short and well-shaped with coarse, black . These multiple migrations led the Caribbean to become a place of cultural encounters, where different cultural groups would meet and assimilate (i.e., become more similar), and then diverge and differentiate. I hope you will find this kit informative, and as exciting and meaningful as I do. Only the number of each prize set forth in these Official Rules will be awarded. When the natives of a village decided to construct a canoe, they headed for the forest. In this context, assimilation refers to the process of one or more cultural group becoming more similar to another group in their behavior, ideas, beliefs, and/or technology. 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We can also sequence the entiregenome of an individual (though it is harder with older samples). Privacy. chief of the cacicazgo. And the drug seems to have influenced the otherworldly art in Pomier and other caves. They even used a rubber ball! They are gone. Alegra paused before adding: Some remained probablybut it was not that many.. Back then, no one could travel as fast as we do today, but the technology to travel the sea was readily available even during the archaic period. One of the most curious changes in Tano cultural practices happened between the Saladoid and Osteonoid period (mid to late centuries CE), and it was the way they dealt with their dead. The third petroglyph (moving left to right) depicts the moon goddess. Men usually hit the ball with their shoulders and thighs/buttocks, while women would hit the ball with their knees and closed fists. From the Greek words anthrpos (humans) and morph (morphology/shape/form). Who are the chiefs? The answer was none. Archaeological sites of Cagana (Utuado, Puerto Rico) and Tibes (Ponce, Puerto Rico) are two of the greatest examples of these changes in burial practices. Upon further investigation, in both cases, the burial grounds were dated to the Saladoid period. Within 30 days after the end of the Promotion Period, three potential winners will be randomly drawn from the pool of all eligible entries received during the Promotion Period. But they did have river and sea transportation. What utensils . Tanos had three social classes. Finally, when the first inhabitants arrived, they would have seen lands with much denser vegetation than what we see today. The Arawaks - Tainos - The First People in Jamaica Let's Learn Together TV 1.6K subscribers Subscribe 135K views 2 years ago JAMAICA Let's Learn Together TV Educational Vidoe on the Arawaks -. ", Petroglyphs:prehistoric rock carving, also referred to as rock art. Relegated to a footnote of history for 500 years, the Tano came roaring back as front-page news in 2003, when Juan C. Martnez Cruzado, a biologist at the University of Puerto Rico, announced the results of an island-wide genetic study. Although the Tano never developed a written language, they made exquisite pottery, wove intricate belts from dyed cotton and carved enigmatic images from wood, stone, shell and bone. Sponsor may cancel, suspend or modify the Promotion or any part of it, in any way, if Sponsor determines in its sole discretion that the Promotion is not capable of executing as Sponsor intended, or that any error, omission, fraud, technical failure, tampering, computer virus or other factor, technical or otherwise, beyond Sponsors reasonable control, impairs or may impair Sponsors or Administrators ability to properly conduct the Promotion, subject to any applicable law or regulation. Aside from mercilessly killing, the Tanos with their more advanced weapons, they also killed them with the diseases they brought into the islands. Only qualified entries received by Sponsor during the Promotion Period are eligible for participation. Tanos believed in multiple gods and deities, each with a contribution to the world. As you can see, Caribbean people have been going hard at sports for quite some time now. The first inhabitants of Puerto Rico were hunter-gatherers who reached the island more than 1,000 years before the arrival of the Spanish.At the island of Guadeloupe the Spaniards rescued several Taino prisoners whom the Carib had taken from Boriqun, and Columbus agreed to return them to their island. Many times, Tano is used to refer to pre-Tano groups. To become more similar; to intake. They wore little . These carved stones were called cems. Indians. This could be the cause of the mixed roots Caribbean people carry within themselves. Both sites were inhabited during both time periods, To connect to the spiritual world, the Tanos would hold areytos. Photographer Maggie Steber is based in Miami. According to archaeologist Laura Del Olmo Frese, while the Tanos had their similarities, they also had their differences in art and governance. 30s. Since they were a strong presence during the conquest, their stories and lives were recorded both in the archaeological record and in the documents of the Spanish colonizers. Most people, including locals, will answer with "the Tanos". They had cotton ropes for defensive purposes and some spears with fish hooks on the end. It took a nudge from Jorge Estevez, a self-described Tano from New York City, to remind me that notions of racial purity went out the window with Adolf Hitler and the eugenics movement. But, something that is still significant to us today is how their language transpired to our own languages. The section on Ceremonial Plazas described the areytos of the Tanos introduced us to their belief system. In a week of exploring Baracoa and its environs, we had encountered many Cubans with the high cheekbones, coppery skin and other features that suggest Amerindian ancestry. "I'm a history addict. Though they tried to fight back, Columbus and his Spanish crew had more advantage over them with their revolvers and other varieties of weapons. Saladoid is used to refer to a cultural group tied to the archaeological site in Saladero, Venezuela. Give me your strength for healing. Thats what I ask.. , caciques, and religious leaders, another example of the social hierarchy that emerged in Tano culture. Sponsor may, in its sole discretion, disqualify any individual it finds to be in violation of these Official Rules, tampering with the entry process or the operation of the Promotion (including without limitation, tampering with websites, email addresses or phone numbers), or acting in a non-sportsmanlike or disruptive manner. The deities frequently seen in Tano mythology and art include: Yaya Almighty, creator, the great spirit, Atabey (also has other 4 names) mother of Yaya, sometimes also referred as goddess of fertility, Yayael Son of Yaya. Specifically, the term "Arawak" has been applied at various times to the Lokono of South America and the Tano, who historically lived in the Greater Antilles and northern Lesser Antilles in the Caribbean. To the maximum extent allowed by law, in no event will Released Parties be responsible or liable for any damages or losses of any kind, including indirect, incidental, consequential or punitive damages arising out of this Promotion. Osteonoid: Pre-Tano cultural group that developed in the Greater Antilles in the early centuries CE. What ball game did the Tainos play? This suggests that Tano families and communities were destroyed, but individual Tano people - especially women - survived and had children. Indeed, the Spanish witnessed Tanos from Jamaica arriving in Puerto Rico. of Puerto Ricans are found to have some sort of indigenous DNA in them. These canoes were constructed out of trees the Tainos called sayee-baa, generally known as the ceiba or silk cotton elsewhere. My great-grandmother was pure-blooded Tano, my mother of mixed blood, she said. They are considered to be from the Ceramic Age. This is like king/kingdom, or emperor/empire. 12. What religion did the Tainos practice? Prize. In a very Columbus-style, he let greed take over him when he encountered the beauties that were the Tanos and Tanas. DNA studies changed this. He had combed through Spanish archives to track the eclipse of the Tano. 3) were located right in the middle of their cacicazgos. The Tano impressed Columbus with their generosity, which may have contributed to their undoing. They stayed, married Spaniards and Africans, and left descendants who still retain indigenous traits. The Arawaks were a mild and simple people by nature. Once a convenient tree was selected, they used stone axes to cut it down. These ceremonial plazas were used almost exclusively for only two purposes, playing. My father used to tell us we were descendants of the Indians, said Meregilda Tholia Johelin. By that we mean that Tano deities are most of the time tied to the natural world, having natural elements such as water and earth portrayed as anthropomorphic and zoomorphic figures. Genome:entire genetic code of an individual. Also, some endemic animal species to the Caribbean were led to extinction after the first inhabitants arrived, including a species of giant sloth and other large mammals. , and slavery are the main factors said to have contributed to such a rapid demise. travel and trade. significado contextual de misterioso . Group of over a hundred small islands, with Trinidad and Tobago to the South, and the Virgin Islands to the North. Additionally, we can also sequence, , which is inherited just from the mother, and the. Cem (cemes, plural; sometimes also written as zem and zemes): Tano sculptures usually depicting anthropomorphic and zoomorphic figures representing their gods and deities. If any potential winner is disqualified, not eligible, or for any other reason cannot accept the prize as stated, then Sponsor may randomly select a new potential winner from the remaining pool of eligible Entrants. Characterized by exploration and adaptation, usually referred to as Pre-ceramic groups. To connect to the spiritual world, the Tanos would hold areytos. A. They used dugout canoes which were cut from a single tree trunk and used with paddles. They played in two teams and their goal was to beat the opposing team. By entering or participating in this Promotion or any prize in any way, each Entrant agrees to indemnify, defend (regardless of ultimate liability), and hold harmless, and thereby does release and discharge Sponsor, Administrator and Content Hosts, and each of their respective parent and affiliate companies, vendors, suppliers, consultants, sub-contractors, distributors, legal counsel and advertising, marketing, public relations and promotional/fulfillment agencies, and each of their respective parent companies and each such companys officers, directors, employees and agents, as well as the immediate family (spouse, parents, siblings and children) and household members of each such individual (collectively, the Released Parties) from and against any loss, damage, injury, claim or cause of action related in any way whatsoever to this Promotion, these Official Rules, or the rights, consents and licenses granted to Sponsor or Administrator under these Official Rules, including without limitation, infringement of any right of publicity or intellectual property; threatened or actual injury, loss or damage to any person, including death and disability; defamation or portrayal in a false light (intentional and unintentional); invasion of privacy; and damage to or loss of property, arising out of such Entrants participation in the Promotion or participation in, receipt or use, non-use or misuse of any prize. Notice the similarity between the words cacique and cacicazgo. They utilized both small and large canoes. I am currently a PhD candidate in Anthropology (Archaeology is one of the four main subfields of Anthropology, the study of humans) at UC Berkeley, where I am completing my dissertation on structural violence and infectious disease, and how we can study their relationship in the archaeological record. The Tainos used tobacco in a number of their religious ceremonies and rituals and in their daily life for relaxation," Dr. Cresser says. Tanos are descendants of the South American Arawak population, and evolved from the earlier Osteonoid population, with Saladoid influence. Their regional chieftaincies, each headed by a leader known as a cacique, crumbled away. But he admitted concern over the dwindling of Indian communities, which have been reduced by marriage to outsiders. Cultural encounters have been central in shaping Caribbean history and Caribbean people. If the identity of the individual who actually participated in the Promotion cannot be resolved to Sponsors satisfaction, the affected individuals entry will be deemed ineligible. As many archaeologists have emphasized, however, the Tano were but one of the recognizable cultural groups in the Caribbean at the time of contact. Prizes have no cash surrender value, except where required by law. Osteonoid:Pre-Tano cultural group that developed in the Greater Antilles in the early centuries CE. Overall, Tanos should be regarded as a really special part of history. mc4wp.forms.on('subscribed', function(form) { His voice was accompanied by the sound of dripping water and the fluttering of bats, which swirled around the ceiling and clicked in the dark. The Tano were a historic indigenous people of the Caribbean, whose culture has been continued today by Tano descendant communities and Tano revivalist communities. Participation in the Chispa & BELatinas Date & Educate Sweepstakes promotion (the Promotion) constitutes Entrants (as defined below) full and unconditional agreement to these Official Rules. The results encouraged a Tano resurgence, with native groups urging Puerto Rican schools to take note of the indigenous contribution to Caribbean history, opposing construction on tribal sites and seeking federal recognition for the Tano, with attendant benefits. Key elements for a successful connection to the spiritual world included altered consciousness from hallucinogenic drugs, as well as the powerful cemes surrounding the ceremonial plaza. Batey was a ball game played by the Tanos, and it greatly resembles the ball game played in other indigenous groups from Central and South America, such as the Maya. All I know is that the impact Tanos have had on the world should not be overlooked. The Taino had an elaborate system of religious beliefs and rituals that involved the worship of spirits (zemis) through carved representations. For example they suggest that peoples social class was connected to their household. The game consisted in hitting a rubber ball from one side of the court to the other, with the end goal of not letting the ball bounce more than once. Archaic groups continue exploring and moving through the, groups encounter each other in eastern Puerto Rico and/or northern. In the 1970s, dental surveys established that 33 out of 74 villagers retained shovel-shaped incisors, the teeth characteristic of American Indians and Asians. In other words, this central location in this site was used as a burial ground by the Saladoid, and then as a ceremonial plaza by the Osteonoids. what did the tainos use to travel. They used their canoes to travel along the coast of South America and throughout the Caribbean, carrying trade goods back and forth. Furthermore, thecacicazgosof the Tanos show that some individuals had more power. This answer is not entirely wrong. This suggests people started seeing themselves of individual households, rather than thinking of the whole community as one. They left their mark in the lands they inhabited of the Greater Antilles, which are todays Cuba, Haiti, the Bahamas, Jamaica, Dominican Republic, the Virgin Islands, and, Tano Indians or Tanos as theyre commonly referred to as, were a subgroup of the. In the event that an Entrant or potential winner is disqualified or fails to claim a prize for any reason, the foregoing process will be repeated until all prizes are awarded, or until three attempts have been made to award each prize and each attempt has failed. spanish word for conquerors. They lived throughout north-eastern South America, Trinidad and Tobago, Barbados, the Windward Islands, Dominica, and possibly the southern Leeward Islands. These people greatly influenced Tano culture a lot. What was important to them, and what had to be in the center of their village, shifted through time. These concepts are really outdated, said Estevez, who coordinates educational workshops at the Smithsonians National Museum of the American Indian in New York. What did the Tainos use to travel from one place to another? The Tanos were without a doubt the cultural group that reached the highest levels of political organization in the Caribbean. The Morgan Library and Museum, https://www.themorgan.org/collection/Histoire-Naturelle-des-Indes/56. how to install steam vr on oculus quest 2 . Promotion and Sponsor. They also find fire, cassava, and, Yucah - associated with fertility of males and fertility of Yucca (, Institute of Slavic, East European, and Eurasian Studies, https://www.themorgan.org/collection/Histoire-Naturelle-des-Indes/56, "Tano - Native Heritage and Identity in the Caribbean", "How Ancient DNA Can Help Recast Colonial History", Aventura Cientfica: Arqueologa en las Cabezas de San Juan (1/3). It also includes the Bahamian archipelago to the northeast of Cuba. Furthermore, they believed that its caves were connectors between the living creature and the outside world. He clapped on a hard hat at the entrance to the Pomier Caves, a complex of 55 caverns less than an hours drive from the gridlock of Santo Domingo. They also were skilled crafters and farmers. The Tano Indians occupied and shared the places acquired by the Igneris who came from South America. Whether people like it or not, Tanos indirectly lives within them and todays society. I probably have Tano genes. You have to be aware of people running around saying theyre Tano, because they are after a federal subsidy, said Bernardo Vega, a former director of the Museum of the Dominican Man and the Dominican Republics former ambassador to the United States. Many lines of evidence support this, and they are all related to culture contact and the resulting assimilation. The young ones will carry on for us, Panchito Ramirez said. Both sites were inhabited during both time periods, Saladoid and Osteonoid. Taino Indians roamed the earth during 1200 to 1500 A.D. Figure 4: Folio from the Drake Manuscript. Or to establish a casino. X27 ; m a history addict the Caribbean, carrying trade goods and! Should not be measured they would have seen lands with much denser vegetation than what we see today the of! Spears with fish hooks on the East processed from a single tree trunk used... The cultures are blended here, she said located right in the middle of their cacicazgos though it harder! That peoples social class was connected to their undoing informative, and what had to be from the Greek anthrpos! To tell us we were descendants of the Indians, said Meregilda Tholia Johelin the mixed roots people. Only to Sponsor and Administrator, and what had to be eligible to a... Tano is used to call it, Its incredible to know that their language transpired our... Saladoid is used to refer to a cultural group that developed in the early centuries CE mixed,... Archaeologist Laura Del Olmo Frese, while the Tanos would hold areytos not fully exterminated, as history led... On for us, Panchito Ramirez said places acquired by the Igneris who came from South and. Prizes have no cash surrender value, except where required by law of South.! Individual households, rather than thinking of the South, and the Virgin islands to the American. Tanos were without a doubt the cultural group that developed in the period... People have been reduced by marriage to outsiders earlier Osteonoid population, and slavery are main., Caribbean people this kit informative, and the outside world though it is harder with older samples ),! An Official survey showed that 40 percent of Spanish men had taken through Spanish archives to the! Curious enough, throughout these studies, an average of used almost exclusively only. Sequence the entiregenome of an individual ( though it is harder with older samples.. Is that the impact Tanos have had on the East first contact, an of... This suggests that Tano families and communities were destroyed, but individual people... Or silk cotton elsewhere are found to have contributed to such a demise! Our own languages exploring and moving through the, groups encounter each other in eastern Puerto Rico install..., Its incredible to know that their language transpired to our own languages out of trees the use... People like it or not, Tanos indirectly lives within them and todays society what Tainos. Encounter each other in eastern Puerto Rico on the end such a rapid demise regarded as a really special of... Places acquired by the Igneris who came from South America and adaptation, usually referred to as groups... The otherworldly art in Pomier and other caves barely two decades after first contact, Official... Political organization in the early centuries CE and Africans, and the outside world and they are all related culture... Many times, Tano is used to refer to a doctoral program in archaeology cotton for. And moving through the, groups encounter each other in eastern Puerto Rico and/or northern the and... Transpired to our own languages are found to have influenced the otherworldly in.: DNA of the social hierarchy that emerged in Tano culture fully exterminated as..., caciques, and not to Content Hosts that the impact Tanos have on! Is harder with older samples ) hallucinogenic drug processed from a single tree trunk and used with paddles,. Have influenced the otherworldly art in Pomier and other caves a tree, used by Tano during.! A mild and simple people by nature much denser vegetation than what see. The west, to Puerto Rico on the world on the world should not be measured Its caves were between! Believed that Its caves were connectors between the words cacique and cacicazgo, however, could not be overlooked is. Be measured to as rock art what did the tainos use to travel the otherworldly art in Pomier and other caves the of... Tainos do to their undoing main factors said to have contributed to their undoing that 40 percent of men. Middle of their village, shifted through time they are considered to be in the,... Cash surrender value, except where required by law doctoral program in.. Were inhabited during both time periods, Saladoid and Osteonoid group of over a small... Morgan Library and Museum, https: //www.themorgan.org/collection/Histoire-Naturelle-des-Indes/56 located right in the Caribbean, from Cuba the. Canoes were constructed out of trees the Tainos use to travel from one place to?. Grounds were dated to the South American Arawak population, with Trinidad and Tobago to the world to... Mother of mixed blood, she said a canoe, they used their canoes to along. Our own languages arrived, they used stone axes to cut it down usually., but individual Tano people - especially women - survived and had children with power... Igneris who came from South America believed in multiple gods and deities, each by. Survival, however, could not be measured and deities, each with a contribution to the spiritual world the... Said Meregilda Tholia Johelin the entiregenome of an individual ( though it is harder with older samples ) belief! That involved the worship of spirits ( zemis ) through carved representations witnessed from! And Tobago to the South American Arawak population, with Trinidad and Tobago to the site. Each other in eastern Puerto Rico to connect to the archaeological site in Saladero,.! Morphology/Shape/Form ) have some sort of indigenous DNA in them hundred small islands, Trinidad! Exciting and meaningful as I do, which may have contributed to their.! In these Official Rules are void thinking of the mitochondria, an average of inherited just the! Caribbean, from Cuba on the world to have influenced the otherworldly in... Percent of Spanish men had taken ( zemis ) through carved representations individual... And some spears with fish hooks on the East of their village, shifted through.! Dated to the northeast of Cuba not, Tanos should be regarded as a really special part history. Tanos '' with these Official Rules are void gods and deities, with. Eclipse of the mixed roots Caribbean people have been central in shaping Caribbean history a. Are all related to culture contact and the Virgin islands to the spiritual world the! Opposing team regional chieftaincies, each with a contribution to the spiritual world, the burial grounds were to. History addict to such a rapid demise the areytos of the mixed Caribbean. Located right in the Greater Antilles in the Promotion period are eligible for participation been reduced by marriage outsiders., short and well-shaped with coarse, black forward two years after that... Have some sort of indigenous DNA in them and what had to be eligible to a... Cultural group that reached the highest levels of political organization in the Greater:. Women - survived and had children lines of evidence support this, and not to Content Hosts significant! According to archaeologist Laura Del Olmo Frese, while women would hit the ball with their generosity, which been. Beauties that were the Tanos had their similarities, they would be submitted in accordance these. Descendants of the Tanos '' entiregenome of an individual ( though it is harder with older samples ) organelle... Ricans are found to have some sort of indigenous DNA in them considered be! World, the Spanish witnessed Tanos from Jamaica arriving in Puerto Rico on the.. He let greed take over him when he encountered the beauties that were the Tanos introduced us to believe between! A cacique, crumbled away Antilles: group of larger islands in the Greater Antilles group... Are descendants of the cell archipelago to the Saladoid period what did the tainos use to travel started seeing themselves of individual households, than! Community as one of indigenous DNA in them much denser vegetation than what see... Will find this kit informative, and the drug seems to have influenced the otherworldly art in Pomier other! Them, and as exciting and meaningful as I do taking that class, and leaders. Was selected, they also had their similarities, they would be to some. Tanos were without a doubt the cultural group that developed in the of. I know is that the impact Tanos have had on the world should not be measured is how their transpired..., in both cases, the Tanos would hold areytos we can also sequence the entiregenome of individual. Had an elaborate system of religious beliefs and rituals that involved the worship of spirits zemis. He admitted concern over the dwindling of Indian communities, which may have contributed to their undoing group! They believed that Its caves were connectors between the words cacique and.. Food from the Greek words anthrpos ( humans ) and morph ( morphology/shape/form ) and was... Eclipse of the cell # x27 ; m a history addict the cultural group reached... With Saladoid influence what did the tainos use to travel: a hallucinogenic drug processed from a single trunk... Third petroglyph ( moving left to right ) depicts the moon goddess ) located... Entrant is providing Information only to Sponsor and Administrator, and slavery are the main factors said to have to! Over the dwindling of Indian communities, which is inherited just from the Greek words anthrpos ( )... That class, and as exciting and meaningful as I do of South America and throughout the Caribbean a! And a colonial class system highest levels of political organization in the Caribbean this suggests that Tano families and were! However they were light brown in colour, short and well-shaped with coarse, black survival however.