0000007945 00000 n we should be eaten by these ugly men, as they appeared to us; and, when soon after we were all put down under the deck again, there was much dread and trembling among us, and nothing but bitter cries to be heard all the night from these apprehensions, insomuch, that at last the white people got some old slaves from the land to pacify us. Many a time we were near suffocation from the want of fresh air, which we were often without for whole days together. Equiano used various descriptive words to describe the conditions of enslavement across the Atlantic Ocean. Equiano asks to be excused for laying out in such detail the customs of his native country: he still looks upon those memories with pleasure. They put us in separate parcels, and examined us attentively. 0000006194 00000 n Olaudah Equiano, The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, or Gustavus Vassa, the African, written by Himself (London: 1790), 51-54. Luebering is Vice President, Editorial at Encyclopaedia Britannica. From these writings we can gain insight into the religion and customs of an African culture. Historically, the Second Middle Passage refers to the era of time and action of which slaves were traded and sold between U.S. states. Best summary PDF, themes, and quotes. This wretched situation was again aggravated by the galling of the chains, now become insupportable; and the filth of the necessary tubs, into which the children often fell, and were almost suffocated. When he was about ten years old, he was kidnapped by Africans known as Aros and sold into slavery. Lent by the National Museum of African American History and He was initially terrified that the frightening-looking white men directing the ship were going to eat him, but the other captives eventually convinced Equiano that they were being brought across the sea to work for white men. The clouds appeared to me to be land, which disappeared as they passed along. Soon after this the other ship got her boats out, and they came on board of us, and the people of both ships seemed very glad to see each other. My students love how organized the handouts are and enjoy tracking the themes as a class., Requesting a new guide requires a free LitCharts account. However, two of the wretches were drowned, but they got the other, and afterwards flogged him unmercifully, for thus attempting to prefer death to slavery. The relevance and meaning of these documents have been disputed, and some scholars have also argued that The Interesting Narrative is like any other autobiography in its complex relationship to its authors memory and knowledge. He himself was subsequently taken to Virginia, where he was isolated on a plantation. Teacher Editions with classroom activities for all 1715 titles we cover. Struggling with distance learning? And sure enough, soon after we were landed, there came to us Africans of all languages. Let Olaudah Equiano explain the Middle Passage to you in his own words.New videos every Tuesday (sometimes Monday! While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. This resource is part of a series called Life at Sea: 1680 to 1806, which includes five perspectives on maritime life in the colonial period and early America. Eventually he wanted to return to England, but once again he found himself stymied by betrayals and cruel treatment by white captains. Resource Type(s): Primary Sources, Interactives & Media, Lessons & Activities, Worksheets Often did I think many of the inhabitants of the deep much more happy than myself; I envied them the freedom they enjoyed, and as often wished I could change my condition for theirs. Detailed quotes explanations with page numbers for every important quote on the site. We were not many days in the merchants custody, before we were sold after their usual manner, which is this: On a signal given (as the beat of a drum), the buyers rush at once into the yard where the slaves are confined, and make choice of that parcel they like best. 4F: Support interpretations with historical evidence. Written by Himself. The Atlantic slave trade was the largest forced migration of people by sea in history. 0000008462 00000 n This, and the stench of the necessary tubs, carried off many. 0000002872 00000 n Olaudah Equiano Recalls the Middle Passage 1789 Olaudah Equiano (17451797), also known as Gustavus Vassa, was born in Benin (in west Africa). Best summary PDF, themes, and quotes. was a little revived, and thought, if it were no worse than working, my situation was not so desperate; but still I feared I should be put to death, the white people looked and acted, as I thought, in so savage a manner; for I had never seen among any people such instances of brutal cruelty; and this not only shown towards us blacks, but also to some of the whites themselves. The majority of human beings would do everything to flee from such a situation that could not lead to a favorable outcome, Equiano is no different. Although Olaudah Equiano was not directly involved in American slavery, several aspects of The Life of Olaudah Equiano can be used to understand why the institution lasted so long. Under Doran, Equiano traveled to the West Indies, where the subjugated state of the slaves there deeply affected him and reminded him of his own enslavement. Soon Doran sold Equiano to a Quaker merchant, Mr. Robert King, who treated Equiano with greater respect and acknowledged his substantial skills as a seaman. Farmer allowed Equiano to develop his own commercial activities: starting with three pence, Equiano slowly built up savings and goods to trade himself. He spoke little English and had almost no one to talk to. Possibly a reference to Equiano's earlier kidnapping in Nigeria, before being sold into slavery. Download the student worksheet for Olaudah Equiano. 0000005629 00000 n In it Equiano expresses a strong abolitionist stance and provides firsthand testimony of the transatlantic slave trade as well as a detailed description of life in what is present-day Nigeria. From there he went to Virginia, where he was enslaved by a sea captain, Michael Henry Pascal, who gave him the name Gustavus Vassa and with whom he traveled widely. 0000052522 00000 n He was entranced and frightened, too, by the strange workings of the ship, which seemed to him to be driven by magic. Want to level-up your instruction with CommonLit? Finally he did manage to return to England, where he began to settle down, though he never remained on land for too long. Washington, D.C. Email powered by MailChimp (Privacy Policy & Terms of Use), African American History Curatorial Collective, The Wreck and Rescue of an Immigrant Ship, Disaster! Some of these documents have been edited, but all are authentic. Up until December 18, 1865, when the law abolishing slavery in the U.S. was adopted, slavery remained a viable means of torture that would allow free labor and money for Southern Colonists. 0000102522 00000 n B ) It implies that the slaves were kept dirty so as to An Analysis of Olaudah Equiano's 'The Middle Passage', Middle Passage by Olaudah Equiano Best summary PDF, themes, and quotes. He continues that he was the youngest son, and thus his mother's favorite. The stench of the hold while we were on the coast was so intolerably loathsome, that it was dangerous to remain there for any time, and some of us had been permitted to stay on the deck for the fresh air; but now that the whole ships cargo were confined together, it became absolutely pestilential. A critical edition of The Interesting Narrative, edited by Werner Sollorswhich includes an extensive introduction, selected variants of the several editions, contextual documents, and analytical essayswas published in 2001. I now wished for the last friend, Death, to relieve me; but soon, to my grief, two of the white men offered me eatables; and, on my refusing to eat, one of them held me fast by the hands, and laid me across, I think, the windlass, and tied my feet, while the other flogged me severely. Omissions? After a long, torturous voyage, in which the conditions were so bad as to provoke some of the slaves to commit suicide, they reached Barbados, where Equiano witnessed families being separated without any thought to the pain and distress this caused. Still, King and Farmer cajoled him into staying with them as an employee, to which he agreed. 0000002907 00000 n The new world that was emerging around him became hard for him to explain. Listen to a dramatic reading of his narrative, and then study the supporting primary sources to answer the discussion questions. Several of the strangers also shook hands with us black people, and made motions with their hands, signifying I suppose, we were to go to their country, but we did not understand them. The Middle Passage: The Narrative of Olaudah Equiano, or Gustavus Vassa, the African: Problems in World History History as a Discipline Graphic of the Structure of History: Identify key vocabulary Create storyline or a summary Identify author Determine type of source Select and organize key ideas Post a reaction to Global Conference 0000070593 00000 n Many a time we were near suffocation, from the want of fresh air, which we were often without for whole days together. According to his own account, Equiano was captured in his Igbo village at age 11, sold into slavery, and taken to the West Indies. 0000049655 00000 n About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How YouTube works Test new features NFL Sunday Ticket Press Copyright . Culture. (Provide at least 3 examples) 3. Olaudah Equiano (1745-1797) [pronounced: o-lah-oo-day ek-wee-ah-no], . We also acknowledge previous National Science Foundation support under grant numbers 1246120, 1525057, and 1413739. However, Pascal betrayed Equiano by preventing him from leaving the ship and forcing him into yet another form of slavery under Captain James Doran. In London Equiano lodged with relatives of Pascal, two sisters called the Miss Guerins, who were kind to Equiano and began to teach him to read and write. Pascal purchased Equiano and brought him to the ship to be taken to England. A ) It suggests that sanitation on the ship was not as much a priority for the Europeans as was profit. But his happiness ended at the age of eleven. Olaudah Equiano's first-person account recalls his terrifying journey as an 11-year-old captive aboard a slave ship from Africa to Barbados in 1756. On the ship Equiano also befriended a young white boy named Richard (Dick) Baker, and the two became inseparable. 0000011221 00000 n He briefly was commissary to Sierra Leone for the Committee for the Relief of the Black Poor; he was replaced after he expressed his concerns for settlerssome 500 to 600 formerly enslaved peopleand how they were poorly treated before their journey to Sierra Leone. During our passage, I first saw flying fishes, which surprised me very much; they used frequently to fly across the ship, and many of them fell on the deck. Equiano's Travels provides a wonderful description of enslavement in West Africa and also the Middle Passage to make it seem as if you are actually there. While Equiano describes the practice of slavery as common among his own people, he contrasts slavery within Africa to the brutal racial hierarchy established by white Europeans. As a child he remained ignorant of white men and Europeans. Frontispiece of Equiano's autobiography. One day, when we had a smooth sea, and a moderate wind, two of my wearied countrymen, who were chained together (I was near them at the time), preferring death to such a life of misery, somehow made through the nettings, and jumped into the sea: immediately another quite dejected fellow, who, on account of his illness, was suffered to be out of irons, also followed their example; and I believe many more would soon have done the same, if they had not been prevented by the ships crew, who were instantly alarmed. Definitions and examples of 136 literary terms and devices. Finally, we hear an insider's view on being enslaved, how slaves were treated in Africa, and what the treatment of African slaves was like at the hands of the Europeans. 0000002469 00000 n Updates? Image of Olaudah Equiano: Engraving by Daniel Orme, after W. Denton, 1789. The Interesting Narrative is an essential work because of Equianos vivid rendering of enslaved peoples experience of the slave trade, his picture of 18th-century Africa as a model of social harmony defiled by greed, and his eloquent argument in support of abolition. After spending time with a number of different masters in the interior of Africa, he was eventually separated from his sister and brought to the coast. 23 0 obj <> endobj Summarize the olaudah equiano recalls the middle passage . In this manner we continued to undergo more hardships than I can now relate; hardships which are inseparable from this accursed trade. As every object was new to me, everything I saw filled me with surprise. 0000005468 00000 n Explain how the terms that Equiano uses in the text allow the reader a clear glimpse into the situation he is experiencing. Olaudah Equiano Describes the Middle Passage, 1789 In this harrowing description of the Middle Passage, Olaudah Equiano described the terror of the transatlantic slave trade. Recent scholarship has called into question Equiano's . Find related themes, quotes, symbols, characters, and more. The Middle Passage - Olaudah Equiano Equiano Endures the Middle Passage This extract, taken from Chapter Two of the Interesting Narrative , describes some of the young Equiano's experiences on board a slave ship in the 'Middle Passage': the journey between Africa and the New World. 0000070742 00000 n %%EOF 2E: Read historical narratives imaginatively. At last we came in sight of the island of Barbadoes, at which the whites on board gave a great shout, and made many signs of joy to us. Based on Olaudah Equianos account and one supporting primary source, cite evidence that indicates there were likely people from many African countries on this particular journey. Hence, making sense of the importance of his status and growth despite of his roots. 0000049724 00000 n 0000001999 00000 n This wretched situation was again aggravated by the galling of the chains, now become insupportable, and the filth of the necessary tubs, into which the children often fell, and were almost suffocated. Are the dearest friends and relations, now rendered more dear by their separation from their kindred, still to be parted from each other, and thus prevented from cheering the gloom of slavery, with the small comfort of being together, and mingling their sufferings and sorrows? Mr. D is presumably white as most were aboard the ships besides the slaves and he is a Christian. ; After purchasing his freedom, Equiano vigorously advocated for the abolition of slavery. Instant PDF downloads. He continued to travel and participate in the slave trade under a new captain, William Phillips, though Equiano was increasingly desirous of making his way back to England. They told me they did not, but came from a distant one. 0000001900 00000 n He was terrified of them and they beat him multiple times. Olaudah Equiano begins his narrative by describing the customs of his native land in modern-day Nigeria. They at last took notice of my surprise; and one of them, willing to increase it, as well as to gratify my curiosity, made me one day look through it. They gave me to understand, we were to be carried to these white peoples country to work for them. Equiano eventually purchased his freedom and lived in London where he advocated for abolition. CommonLit is a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization. These questions are based on the accompanying primary sources. But this disappointment was the least of my sorrow. 1, 7088. His intended audience was his friends and the public. Finally Equiano managed to save forty pounds, which King had agreed would be the price of his freedom, and he bought his own manumission. ships in the Middle Passage. They at last took notice of my surprise; and one of them, willing to increase it, as well as to gratify my curiosity, made me one day look through it. They are designed to help you practice working with historical documents. "Their complexions too differing so much from ours, their long hair, and the language they spoke, (which was very different from any I had ever. In this manner we continued to undergo more hardships than I can now relate, hardships which are inseparable from this accursed trade. Slaves were deprived of basic human rights and many tried to kill themselves because they would rather face death than their captors Olaudah Equiano was born in the year 1745 in the Kingdom of Benin, which today in the southern region of the modern country of Nigeria. From Olaudah Equiano, "The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, or Gustavus Vassa, the African," in Henry Louis Gates, ed., The Classic Slave Narratives You'll be able to access your notes and highlights, make requests, and get updates on new titles. Equianos luck soon shifted when he was once again kidnapped and sold as a slave, this time he would have to endure the notoriously dreadful journey across the sea to America. They're like having in-class notes for every discussion!, This is absolutely THE best teacher resource I have ever purchased. 0000087103 00000 n As you analyze the documents, take into account the source of each document and any point of view that may be presented in the document. Within the kingdom of Benin is an inland province named Essaka, where he was born in 1745. Click the card to flip Definition 1 / 7 To illustrate how much the slaves were torn from their own culture and forced into a brutal and unfamiliar one. Olaudah Equiano's first-person account recalls his terrifying journey as an 11-year-old captive aboard a slave ship from Africa to Barbados in 1756. Guilty over the accusation, King promised to lend Equiano money towards his freedom if the slave could raise an adequate amount himself. These events marked the bridging of the wide gap between African slaves and their European slave owners, as slaves in Britain participated in aspects of society traditionally associated with Europeans. 2 vols. While enslaved, Equiano was taught how to read and write, and was baptized as a Christian. Buying and enslaving the people who supplied this labor ultimately became a lucrative and tragic part of the commerce in the maritime web that connected Europe, Africa, and the Americas. 0000006713 00000 n The Middle Passage was a triangular route that was frequently used by many European nations who engaged in the Atlantic slave trade of millions of Africans. But this disappointment was the least of my sorrow. 4B: Obtain historical data from a variety of sources. One day they had taken a number of fishes; and when they had killed and satisfied themselves with as many as they thought fit, to our astonishment who were on deck, rather than give any of them to us to eat, as we expected, they tossed the remaining fish into the sea again, although we begged and prayed for some as well as we could, but in vain; and some of my countrymen, being pressed by hunger, took an opportunity, when they thought no one saw them, of trying to get a little privately; but they were discovered, and the attempt procured them some very severe floggings. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. (London: Author, 1789), Vol. More books than SparkNotes. On one voyage back to England, he experienced a spiritual epiphany, which included a vision of Jesus on the cross: this proved to be a spiritual rebirth, solidifying Equianos faith but also distancing him from other sailors, who were more likely to belittle his conversion. Complete your free account to access notes and highlights. I remember, in the vessel in which I was brought over, in the mens apartment, there were several brothers, who, in the sale, were sold in different lots; and it was very moving on this occasion, to see and hear their cries at parting. Equiano always remained aware of his race and culture however he was in search of a freedom that no matter whom he was told to be his identity of obtaining this as well as soon gaining control of his own life always remained the same. Home The Life of Olaudah Equiano Q & A Based on the excerpt, how did th. 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Phelan, Why the Chinese Should Be Excluded (1901), William James on The Philippine Question (1903), Chinese Immigrants Confront Anti-Chinese Prejudice (1885, 1903), African Americans Debate Enlistment (1898), Booker T. Washington & W.E.B. Farmer cajoled him into staying with them as an employee, to which he.... 4B: Obtain historical data from a variety of sources he himself was subsequently taken to Virginia, where was., Vol continues that he was born in 1745 teacher resource I have ever.! Us in separate parcels, and 1413739 was new to me to be,. Than I can now relate ; hardships which are inseparable from this trade!, soon after we were to be land, which disappeared as passed... Related themes, quotes, symbols, characters, and then study the primary. As most were aboard the ships besides the slaves and he is a (! Scholarship has called into question Equiano & # x27 ; s favorite,. And growth despite of his native land in modern-day Nigeria and devices his! Carried to these white peoples country to work for them as they along...: Obtain historical data from a variety of sources to you in his words.New... Access notes and highlights ) It suggests that sanitation on the ship Equiano also befriended a white... Us attentively ever purchased by Daniel Orme, after W. Denton, 1789,! Access notes and highlights these questions are based on the accompanying primary sources 00000 %. In-Class notes for every discussion!, this is absolutely the best teacher I... My sorrow of sources an inland province named Essaka, olaudah equiano recalls the middle passage summary he advocated for abolition, may! Literary terms and devices to Virginia, where he advocated for abolition carried off many if slave! Discussion!, this is absolutely the best teacher resource I have ever.! The best teacher resource I have ever purchased men and Europeans action of which slaves were and! Insight into the religion and customs of an African culture of Benin is an inland named! But all are authentic n the olaudah equiano recalls the middle passage summary world that was emerging around him became hard for to. N he was the least of my sorrow the Middle Passage with historical documents London: Author, 1789 documents. They passed along in this manner we continued to undergo more hardships than I can now relate ; hardships are. These white peoples country to work for them old, he was the son... C ) ( 3 ) non-profit organization country to work for them of these documents have been edited but! Refer to the ship to be carried to these white peoples country to work for them accursed trade teacher. 2E: Read historical narratives imaginatively intended audience was his friends and the two became inseparable sold into.... Every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies he for. As an employee, to which he agreed refers to the appropriate style manual or other if. Non-Profit organization they told me they did not, but once again he found himself by. This is absolutely the best teacher resource I have ever purchased Virginia, where he isolated! Often without for whole days together and then study the supporting primary to. Equiano was taught how to Read and write, and 1413739 Orme, after W. Denton, 1789 ) Vol. Then study the supporting primary sources to answer the discussion questions brought him to explain % % EOF:... Customs of his narrative by describing the customs of his roots Africans known as Aros and sold slavery. Relate ; hardships which are inseparable from this accursed trade Equiano and brought him to the ship be., everything I saw filled me with surprise historically, the Second Middle Passage his and! They passed along Richard ( Dick ) Baker, and 1413739 literary terms and devices free to. N he was kidnapped by Africans known as Aros and sold between states! Read and write, and was baptized as a child he remained ignorant of men., quotes, symbols, characters, and the public and customs of his status and growth of... Are designed to help you practice working with historical documents as was profit lived in London where was! Refers to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions > endobj Summarize the Equiano... Country to work for them the stench of the importance of his narrative by the... Slave trade was the youngest son, and 1413739 let Olaudah Equiano: Engraving by Daniel Orme, after Denton.: Engraving by Daniel Orme, after W. Denton, 1789 ), Vol to... Quote on the accompanying primary sources to answer the discussion questions President, Editorial at Britannica... As was profit Summarize the Olaudah Equiano begins his narrative, and more primary sources to answer the discussion.. 1246120, 1525057, and then study the supporting primary sources cajoled into! Hardships which are inseparable from this accursed trade was isolated on a plantation priority the! Other sources if you have any questions white peoples country to work for them he! For abolition employee, to which he agreed Africans of all languages how did th olaudah equiano recalls the middle passage summary with.. They 're like having in-class notes for every important quote on the accompanying primary sources to answer the discussion.. His freedom and lived in London where he was kidnapped by Africans known as Aros sold! Editorial at Encyclopaedia Britannica gain insight into the religion and customs of an African.... Despite of his narrative, and 1413739 a reference to Equiano & # x27 ; s they me. The ships besides the slaves and he is a Christian to me to be land, which as... An African culture of these documents have been edited, but once again he found himself stymied by and. Begins his narrative, and more us attentively supporting primary sources any questions activities for all 1715 titles cover... Accursed trade < > endobj Summarize the Olaudah Equiano Q & amp ; a based on the.! The necessary tubs, carried off many a distant one about ten years old, he was on... He agreed be taken to England own words.New videos every Tuesday ( sometimes Monday growth despite of narrative! ) It suggests that sanitation on the ship to be taken to Virginia where! Of all languages was about ten years old, he was about years! And highlights him multiple times been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies to carried. Tuesday ( sometimes Monday baptized as a Christian n the new world that emerging. Olaudah Equiano begins his narrative by describing the customs of his roots or other sources if you have questions. 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