Click each document below to view the sample. Rose through Religious tolerance, meritocracy in military, Commerce. Much of its territory fell under the control of the Marathas and then the British. I think they had a better trade because they spread out . Such officials included the kotwal (local police), the faujdar (an officer controlling multiple districts and troops of soldiers), and the most powerful, the subahdar (provincial governor). From 1450-1750 both the Mughal and Ottoman Empires established large functioning bureaucracies, with the establishment of religiously tolerant policies. [86], The Mughals had multiple imperial capitals, established over the course of their rule. Babur disposed of the ruler, and decided to take over himself. The Mughal Empire was definitive in the early-modern and modern periods of South Asian history, with its legacy in India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Afghanistan seen in cultural contributions such as: The Mughals made a major contribution to the Indian subcontinent with the development of their unique Indo-Persian architecture. Stay in touch and follow me on Facebook and Pinterest. Document #4, an oral account from an English visitor to the Mughal Court, examines Nur Jahan's role in the Mughal Empire as an absolute monarch, in a time where women were extremely . He no longer allowed the Hindu community to live under their own laws and customs, but imposed Sharia law (Islamic law) over the whole empire. endobj 625 Words. The Mughal Empire was an early-modern empire that controlled much of South Asia between the 16th and 19th centuries. In 1511 he captured Samarkand, only to realize that, with the formidable Safavid dynasty in Iran and the Uzbeks in Central Asia, he should rather turn to the southeast toward India to have an empire of his own. The sources include one 19th century article from the New York Times and one illustration, and each document is followed by at least one constructed response question and a summary essay . [87] Kabul was the summer capital of Mughals from 1526 to 1681. It began to be used as a literary language in the Mughal court from the reign of Shah Alam II, who described it as the language of his dastans,[173] and replaced Persian as the language of the Muslim elite. Satisfactory Essays. A Long History of Urdu Literary Culture, Part 1: Naming and Placing a Literary Culture", "Islamic Mughal Empire: War Elephants Part 3", "Rockets in Mysore and Britain, 17501850 A.D.", "A journey through Persia, Armenia and Asia Minor", The History of India, as Told by Its Own Historians. National Governors Association Center for Best Practices and Council of Chief State School Officers. [88] Situations where there were two simultaneous capitals happened multiple times in Mughal history. [127], Bengal accounted for more than 50% of textiles and around 80% of silks imported by the Dutch from Asia,[124] Bengali silk and cotton textiles were exported in large quantities to Europe, Indonesia, and Japan,[9]:202 and Bengali muslin textiles from Dhaka were sold in Central Asia, where they were known as "Dhaka textiles". [43] Humayun's exile in Persia established diplomatic ties between the Safavid and Mughal Courts, and led to increasing Persian cultural influence in the later restored Mughal Empire. Ottoman Turkey (3, 6, 8) Safavid Iran (1, 7) Mughal India (2, 4, 5) B) By Rise and Fall. Not only the Muslim gentry, but the Maratha, Hindu, and Sikh leaders took part in ceremonial acknowledgments of the emperor as the sovereign of India.[72]. No approval by, nor association with, the creators of the CCSS is intended or implied. 18 0 obj 113. Qadis did not constitute a single position, but made up a hierarchy. All administration and governance was carried out within them. The importance of slavery in the Empire diminished and peace was made with the Hindu kingdoms of Southern India. Historically, Imperialism has been a tool, used by Europeans to successfully exploit indigenous populations for monetary gain. [126] By the early 18th century, Mughal Indian textiles were clothing people across the Indian subcontinent, Southeast Asia, Europe, the Americas, Africa, and the Middle East. [85][83], The empire was divided into suba (provinces), each of which were headed by a provincial governor called a subadar. [107][108] This, however, is disputed by Parthasarathi and Sivramkrishna. eV)KCM?UG!pb]7y For example, a sarkar could turn into a subah, and parganas were often transferred between sarkars. [182] In 1657, the Mughal Army used rockets during the Siege of Bidar. uJ+t?P&6V`#O;y\nxRS =y}iO-*xp}.kTT_wP}}9oek$"/M\BGneKpVc8UCb8n%f}2gtGp%XyS )"-Mb @|C-HyJwlQ nk{VjF""y=D6y'X8{OB Rm&e5XrA|j%0& TRP?ODcBHSEuxyw1zbK{ 'sons-in-law'). Subjects of the Mughal Empire also took their grievances to the courts of superior officials who held more authority and punitive power than the local qadi. This bundle includes everything in my store including DBQs that cover a range of World History and American History topics, mock trials, crossword puzzles, word searches, PowerPoint presentations, movie guides and lessons.As I add more materials, I will increase the price to this bundle, but if you, This bundle includes all 40 of my DBQs on offer and cover a wide range of world history and American history topics. 481 words. Parthasarathi cites his estimates that grain wages for weaving and spinning in mid-18 century Bengal and South India was comparable to Britain. <> The Mughal (or Mogul) Empire ruled most of India and Pakistan in the 16th and . [151], Cities acted as markets for the sale of goods, and provided homes for a variety of merchants, traders, shopkeepers, artisans, moneylenders, weavers, craftspeople, officials, and religious figures. 2 0 obj Through warfare and diplomacy, Akbar was able to extend the empire in all directions and controlled almost the entire Indian subcontinent north of the Godavari River. Read more. When additional factors, such as epidemic disease, also played a role, as they did in the Americas, the empire-builders could sometimes briskly overthrow and replace the original political structures. In 1876 the British Queen Victoria assumed the title of Empress of India. The civil administration was organised in a hierarchical manner on the basis of merit, with promotions based on performance. It was also known for its cultural influence and its architectural achievements (most famously, the Taj Mahal). Bbur and the establishment of the Mughals, Akbar the Great and the consolidation of the empire, https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mughal-dynasty, HistoryWorld - History of the Moghul Empire, Mughal Empire - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Mughal Empire - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up), Mughal emperors: Jahngr, Akbar, and Shah Jahn. Aurangzeb also ordered the execution of the Sikh guru Tegh Bahadur, leading to the militarization of the Sikh community. Akbar believed that all religions should be tolerated, and that a ruler's duty was to treat all believers equally, whatever their belief. %".{l1AbL}9mmHY2[,ArDxPGW7]6vF x H"~,.fi)|$a WWHZ40\qe,\Aawj)g):\6 Gwe;sH- bV endobj stream Download free-response questions from past exams along with scoring guidelines, sample responses from exam takers, and scoring distributions. Some said rose, from whose petals were distilled the precious ittar, others, the lotus, glory of every Indian village. Evaluate the extent to which the processes of empire-building affected political structures in the period 1500-1900. Fell through abuse of peasantry, extravagance of . All the images I've used are in the public domain, credited or created by myself. (~-:x&{gSQn+ {1[0\yQlQ[:Z)vf6H%$4RH? [51] His reign ushered in the golden age of Mughal architecture. Privacy Policy However, by this time Lodi's empire was already crumbling, and it was actually the Rajput Confederacy which was the strongest power of Northern India under the capable rule of Rana Sanga of Mewar. endobj [92] Jahangir was known to have installed a "chain of justice" in the Agra fort that any aggrieved subject could shake to get the attention of the emperor and bypass the inefficacy of officials. E%ipUiO,tc76dadEhel($!# C)tB2E$ju]`nEF{9HhC5inxF There was a scornful laughter and Akbar asked for an explanation. <> 4 0 obj [168], According to Qazvini, by the time of Shah Jahan, the emperor was only familiar with a few Turki words and showed little interest in the study of the language as a child. Free Essay: Shhn-e Moul The Mughal Empire 1526-1858 Flag of the Mughal Empire Flag Map of Mughal Empire in 1700 CE Mughal Empire (green) during its. Jahan's selection of white marble and the overall concept and design of the mausoleum give the building great power and majesty. Under his successors in the seventeenth century, more of the subcontinent is incorporated into the Mughal empire as the rulers of the Deccan are finally conquered and become Delhi's feudatories." With a period overview, list of key events, and ten related artworks. [52] Salim was named after the Indian Sufi saint, Salim Chishti and was raised by the daughter of Chishti. [101] The currency was initially 48 dams to a single rupee in the beginning of Akbar's reign, before it later became 38 dams to a rupee in the 1580s, with the dam's value rising further in the 17th century as a result of new industrial uses for copper, such as in bronze cannons and brass utensils. hVp 7pw~"\8NZ9IqetfB-4 N/'^Jug:i+&ljaT)0'C AdQ,/2JM,9&yd3dY(+r 5&gfWd*4_0fhha=w_p],tW^ZC|p7"~l`SaSENm5oF[EdVPsxV +KX(.yIhDehFgR`F FnB|S`]to|_e9}?rZsc |VBx{i6T5+;_A7bh$0.9kF9%^^ Pdf <>/PageLabels 262 0 R>> This DBQ explores the relationship between the Mughal Empire, through several of its leaders, prior to 1750 through 6 primary or secondary source documents. The psychological interpretations emphasise depravity in high places, excessive luxury, and increasingly narrow views that left the rulers unprepared for an external challenge. This DBQ explores the relationship between the Mughal Empire, through several of its leaders, prior to 1750 through 6 primary or secondary source documents. the Taj Mahal), A system of education that took account of pupils' needs and culture. http://www.corestandards.org/ELA-Literacy/RH/9-10, http://www.corestandards.org/ELA-Literacy/RH/11-12, follows New York State social studies testing required format. [9]:185204 The empire had an extensive road network, which was vital to the economic infrastructure, built by a public works department set up by the Mughals which designed, constructed and maintained roads linking towns and cities across the empire, making trade easier to conduct. It is intended to support the implementation of the CCSS. [112][113], According to Moosvi, Mughal India had a per-capita income, in terms of wheat, 1.24% higher in the late 16th century than British India did in the early 20th century. Mughal Empire. G`dN4$Cz.7r % In the royal family it is placed after the name instead of before it, thus, Abbas Mirza and Hosfiein Mirza. Babur had the expertise of his commander Ustad Ali Quli . As if to confirm it, Jahan had these lines inscribed there: "If there is Paradise on earth, it is here, it is here.". Evaluate the extent to which the processes of empire-building affected political structures in the period 15001900. For example, the most basic kind was the pargana (district) qadi. [64] He expanded the empire to include almost the whole of South Asia,[62]:1 but at his death in 1707, "many parts of the empire were in open revolt". This DBQ explores the relationship between the Mughal Empire, through several of its leaders, prior to 1750 through 6 primary or secondary source documents. 17 0 obj The instruments he used were influenced by Islamic astronomy, while the computational techniques were derived from Hindu astronomy.[185][186]. The Taj Mahal houses the jewelled tomb of Mumtaz Mahal, much loved wife of emperor Shah Jehan, Ahmedabads Jama Masjid (Grand Mosque) was built in the 15th century in Gujarat, Jewelled archway in Humayun's tumb in Delhi, Itimad-ud-Daulah's tomb in Agra is considered a landmark in Mughal architecture, The Taj Mahal, commissioned by Emperor Jahan, marks the apex of the Mughal Empire. That is why I say the cotton boll is the most beautiful flower. But in the same time, changing have the ability to be to the worst or for the best. Very challenging. Being a Muslim state, the empire employed fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence) and therefore the fundamental institutions of Islamic law such as those of the qadi (judge), mufti (jurisconsult), and muhtasib (censor and market supervisor) were well-established in the Mughal Empire. Work for Kaplan Akbar succeeded to the throne at 13, and started to recapture the remaining territory lost from Babur's empire. Evidence for the use of a draw bar for sugar-milling appears at Delhi in 1540, but may also date back earlier, and was mainly used in the northern Indian subcontinent. A#1P%YQ. The provincial capital Dhaka became the commercial capital of the empire. 0jcD [98] India's economy has been described as a form of proto-industrialization, like that of 18th-century Western Europe prior to the Industrial Revolution. t[.]]ICW+"thKj p#XHa/5(]8X)ay \r@9Md(D\]XJ(#VJ;]AB 9YDz'5Blaao3tuf& C*O;yNX*2g\@m(q1J|fl=N&i:v%.T.%1ZpW. [116], Indian agricultural production increased under the Mughal Empire. One of the most remarkable astronomical instruments invented in Mughal India is the lost-wax cast, hollow, seamless, celestial globe. He established a form of delegated government in which the provincial governors were personally responsible to him for the quality of government in their territory. He ruled over a small kingdom in Turkestan. Black, Jeremy. The Mughal Empire reached across much of the Indian subcontinent. He established himself in Kabul and then pushed steadily southward into India from Afghanistan through the Khyber Pass. [29] Among the Mughal UNESCO World Heritage Sites in South Asia are: Agra Fort, Fatehpur Sikri, Red Fort, Humayun's Tomb, Lahore Fort, Shalamar Gardens and the Taj Mahal, which is described as "the jewel of Muslim art in India, and one of the universally admired masterpieces of the world's heritage. The sources include one 19th century article from the New York Times and one illustration, and each document is followed by at least one constructed response question and a summary essay question using the documents wraps up the DBQ. [109] Similarly, Sivramkrishna analyzed agricultural surveys conducted in Mysore by Francis Buchanan during 18001801, arrived at estimates using a "subsistence basket" that aggregated millet income could be almost five times subsistence level, while corresponding rice income was three times that much. bK-SwV^68 !`E6q o5,uU[(%~X{s@nD rZ"Nf],N+v8^j#:7kC'0i5R$|f3Z|b(wPYnU#Rjvj?M:#ltqMygOUhqUyy?4YoT!MCNG'v'! <>/XObject<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 612 792] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> [98][140] By the time of Aurangzeb's reign, there were a total of 455,698 villages in the Mughal Empire.[142]. Answer: Chagtai Turkic. [35] Similar transliterations had been used to refer to the empire, including "Mogul" and "Moghul". DBQs are a great way to have students think and write about primary and secondary sources of all kinds from interviews, legislation, maps, images and more.Each DBQ:is editable for tea. i1 fbG(/,a-7gggi`Vw)qjO64MO`" The qadi also had additional importance with regards to documents, as the seal of the qadi was required to validate deeds and tax records. Whats Tested on AP World History: Modern. The literary works Akbar and Jahangir ordered to be illustrated ranged from epics like the Razmnama (a Persian translation of the Hindu epic, the Mahabharata) to historical memoirs or biographies of the dynasty such as the Baburnama and Akbarnama, and Tuzk-e-Jahangiri. x\G}'&. UmC#{V[0?rNfSm+y|j3=,,Mao4t^[~}eeh-yr4my(Me7&7Wws}O9l8X!pl[}3C_4]@*=6t8&yb)|/^e#>9^Um :wb`O~Kn_5i%z]eCH$/*6#E]]qEYzs|ev;cH?1EkgWr[,Ne~_E=lSdCtiL>G-u0w^] `1-[2PmWC:`Y=0tGk_X a3? -:Vh|qp-`{aWH9~rsi0g.v}M 85S5Z]eunEEX4 ]UE|VIZo .F3|wMMhnwk>8s}Gd'=#dHsg9?'C%Y|Hm]hdA,7"'_X/[;;OZ.Ss"!r/45nM*"a.h\T/ QUICK FACTS. <> He was also a notable writer who described the Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II and the cities of Allahabad and Delhi in rich detail and also made note of the glories of the Mughal Empire. [189] It is now housed at the National Museum of Scotland. The increase in the proportion of Europeans and blacks corresponds with the Spanish overrunning the native populations and instituting plantations. Document 2. argumentative Essay. [183] Prince Aurangzeb's forces discharged rockets and grenades while scaling the walls. 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